Civilization.ca - First Peoples of Canada

First Peoples > Index



	Index INTRODUCTION WELCOME Names Languages Population AN ABORIGINAL PRESENCE An Aboriginal Presence Maime Migwans (1925-2000) Zacharias Kunuk George Clutesi (1905-1988) Flora Loutit Olive Dickason Tia Potts Butch Little Mustache Alwyn Morris Tomson Highway Germaine Arnaktauyok Buffy Sainte-Marie Jane Dragon Sara Constance Smith Martin (1899-1963) Pauline Johnson (1861-1913) Kenojuak Ashevak Mandy Brown Tom Longboat (1887-1949) Isabella Edenshaw (1858-1926) Charles Edenshaw (1839-1924) Rita Joe Dennis Fraser Louis Riel (1844-1885) We Are Diverse We Are the Land We find the knowledge of our ancestors in... We find the experience of our ancestors in... Naming the Land Kwak'wala names at the mouth of the Nimpish River Places around Great Slave Lake in the Northwest Territories Some names in Southern Alberta Among the many names in Saskatchewan Some names in Manitoba Some names in Ontario around Toronto Some names reclaimed in Quebec Some names reclaimed in Nunavut Some reclaimed names in Nunavik (Arctic Quebec) and Labrador Markers on the Land Our Origins Archaeology At the Edge of the Ice Beringia Full Glacial: 18,000 years ago Late Glacial: 11,000 years ago Early Postglacial: 8,000 years ago Middle Postglacial: 5,000 years ago Late Postglacial: 1,000 years ago As the World Took Its Present Form Debert (Atlantic Canada, 11,000 years ago) Grant Lake (west of Hudson Bay, about 8,000 years ago) Kettle Lake (High Arctic Canada, 4,500 years ago) Origin Stories Glooscap Sky Woman The Birth of Good and Evil Wealth of Stories Why Porcupine Has Quills (Anishnaabe) Kiviuk (Inuit) Kaujjagjuk (Inuit) The Bear Mother The Winter Hunters and the Mosquito (Tsimshian) Transforming Beings Nanabozho Mishebeshu (Ojibwa) The Origin of Fishing (Nlaka'pamux) Sa-Klu-Nazetti (The Sun Taken in a Snare) A Horned Serpent Raven Bringing Light to the World AN ANCIENT BOND WITH THE LAND Arctic Whalers Thule Inuit Migration Life in a Cold Climate A Warm House Dressing for the Weather Inuit Whale Hunters Hunting the Largest Animals Captains and Crews The Whaling Village at Qariaraqyuk Appeasing Sedna Spiritual Whalers Respect and Reverence for the Whale Arctic Whalers Today Communal Hunters Communal Hunters of the Plains and Western Subarctic Communal Hunting Hunting the Bison Respect for the Bison Surviving the Ice Age The Staff of Life After the Hunt The Great Provider Collapse and Continuity Maritime Peoples The Aboriginal Peoples of Atlantic Canada A Time of Plenty Bountiful Land and Sea A Time of Sharing A Time of Scarcity Inland Pursuits Winter Travel Maritime People Today People of the Longhouse "This Old Island" The Forest and the Clearing The Forest Changing Human-Plant Relationships The Clearing The People of Longhouses The Longhouse as a Home The Longhouse as a Household Pottery: Learning from Our Mothers Clans and Clan Mothers Women's Influence on the Men's World Keeping the Fire Burning Trade Fairs Many Kinds of Exchange A Mandan-Assiniboine Example A Festive Occasion A Well-Orchestrated Event Ceremonial Trading Meeting Distant Peoples Private Trading Entertainment Trade Today ARRIVAL OF STRANGERS - THE LAST 500 YEARS Early Relations Alliances during the Fur Trade Period Middlemen and Trappers Explorations: Assistance and Resistance Population and Identity The Beothuk The Métis Diversity Economy Beliefs Conversion New Symbols and a Changing Landscape Residential Schools Agriculture versus Traditional Lifeways Retention of Traditional Beliefs The Innu Land, Nitassinan, and the Innu Drum Intergovernmental Relations Alliances Treaties Legislation Reserves and Other Communities Economy Trapping Farming High-Steel Workers Canneries Crafts and Cottage Industries Retention of Traditional Practices Social Gatherings Religious Gatherings Competitions and Gambling Pow-wows, Rodeos and Ranching Affirmation Veterans Women Politics and Law Humour Art Art as an Expression of the Group Art as an Expression of the Individual Self RESOURCES CREDITS