Index
1914-1929 | 1930-1939 | 1939-1948 | 1948-19581958-1968 | 1968-1978 | 1978-1988 | 1989-2007
Educational Lab
History - ORIGINS, 1914–1929
- Introduction
- War and Politics
- Modernizing Canadian Life
- Medical Education and Medical Practice
- Rural Hospitals
- Paying for Health Care
- European Models
- The First World War
- The Canadian War Effort
- Influenza Pandemic, 1918–1919
- Creating a Federal Health Department
- The Political Response
- Modernizing Party Politics
- The Medical Profession and Social Policy
- State Medicine or Health Insurance?
- Challenging the Status Quo: Labour in Parliament
- Defining Federal Health Activities
- Constitutional Limits or New Approaches?
- Conclusion
Key Players
- John Amyot
- Chancellor Otto von Bismarck
- Sir Robert Borden
- Henri Bourassa
- David Lloyd George
- Abraham Heaps
- William Lyon Mackenzie King
- Sir Wilfrid Laurier
- Newton Rowell
- J. S. Woodsworth
Geography
- British Columbia Royal Commissions
- United Farmers of Alberta
- National Progressive Party
- Influenza Pandemic
- Halifax Explosion
- Winnipeg General Strike
- Hospital, Saskatoon
- Hospital Cars, Manitoba
- Travelling Clinics, Alberta
Costs and Benefits
- British North America Act, 1867
- Canadian Hospitals
- General Practice
- National Insurance Act, 1911
- Maternal and Infant Mortality
- Rural Municipality Act
- Union Hospitals
- First World War
- Conscription Crisis
- The Conservative Party Position on Social Issues, 1929
- Expensive Diagnostic Technology
- Collection Agencies
- Schedule of Fees
History - DEPRESSION DEVELOPMENTS, 1930–1939
- Deflation and Desperation
- Medical Care in the Dust Bowl
- Practice Problems in Urban Canada
- Socialized Medicine or Health Insurance?
- The Provinces Respond
- Bennett and the Premiers
- Manitoba’s Response
- Ontario’s Reaction
- Pioneering Prepaid Care: The Hospitals Respond
- Corporate Health Care
- The Medical Profession’s Response
- British Columbia’s Bold Actions
- The Federal Response
- Conclusion
Key Players
- R. B. Bennett
- Dr. Norman Bethune
- Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
- CMA Committee on Economics
- Dr. A. Grant Fleming
- Dr. John J. Heagerty
- George Hoadley
- Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons
- Dr. George Weir
Geography
- Alberta Health Insurance Act
- Greater Winnipeg Relief Plan
- Royal Commission on Dominion–Provincial Relations
- Health Services in Northern Communities
- St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto
Costs and Benefits
- The Great Depression
- Letters to R. B. Bennett
- Employment and Social Security Act
- Blue Cross Hospital Plans
- Associated Medical Services Inc.
- Windsor Medical Services Plan
- Private Rooms, Toronto General Hospital
- Public Ward
- St. Mary’s Hospital, Montreal
- Median Annual Gross Income, 1930
- Annual Expenses of a Canadian Nurse
- Advertisement, Ambulance Company
- Urban Hospitals
History - NATIONAL SYSTEM, NATIONAL FAILURE?: WAR, RECONSTRUCTION AND HEALTH SECURITY FOR CANADIANS, 1939–1948
- Introduction
- Defining the Problem
- Health Insurance and Its Champions
- The Political Options
- The War and New Opportunities
- External Influences
- Competing Options
- Alternative Vision
- Criticism and Kudos
- Fixing Long-Standing Problems
- Fundamental Principles
- Values in Conflict
- The Politics of Reconstruction
- Creating a New Department of National Health and Welfare
- Planning for the Future
- Next Steps?
- Implementing the National Health Grants
- Conclusion
Key Players
- Sir William Beveridge
- Dr. G. Donald W. Cameron
- Canadian Life Insurance Officers Association
- CMA Committee of Seven
- Dr. Brock Chisholm
- Dr. John J. Heagerty
- Dr. Fred W. Jackson
- Ian A. Mackenzie
- Leonard Marsh
- Paul Martin
Geography
- Canadian Federation of Agriculture
- Canadian Hospital Association
- Tommy Douglas
- Victorian Order of Nurses
- Rural Alberta
Costs and Benefits
- National Health Grants
- Keynesian Economic Theory
- Prepaid Medical Insurance Plans
- Family Allowances
- Green Book Proposals
- Advertisement, X-ray Equipment
- Advertisement, Insurance Company
History - PUBLIC OR PRIVATE? VOLUNTARY OR COMPULSORY?: HOSPITAL CARE FOR CANADIANS, 1948–1958
- Introduction
- External Challenges
- Making Health Care Policy in the 1950s
- Identifying the Challenges
- The Saskatchewan Hospital Services Insurance Plan
- Another Saskatchewan Innovation
- Alternate Models: Alberta, British Columbia and Newfoundland
- British Columbia: From Chaos to Administrative Expertise
- Reforming the British Columbia Plan
- The Cottage Hospital System
- Voluntary Plans: Another Option?
- Quebec: Pas une province comme les autres?
- Ontario and Manitoba: Voluntary Non-Profit or Commercial Plans?
- Commercial Insurance Plans: The Limits to Private Coverage
- Partial Payment and Personal Debt
- The Federal Government and Hospital Insurance
- Health Politics in the 1950s
- The Ontario Proposal
- The Federal Counter-Offer
- The Provinces and the Public React
- Achieving National Standards for Hospital Insurance
- Politics and History
- Conclusion
Key Players
- W.A.C. Bennett
- George Davidson
- John Diefenbaker
- Leslie Frost
- Ernest Manning
- Louis St-Laurent
- Sister Alice Allain
Geography
- Social Credit
- Swift Current Health Region
- Cottage Hospital System
- Maritime Blue Cross
- Services de Santé du Québec
- St. Clare’s Mercy Hospital, St. John’s
- Calgary General Hospital
- Toronto Western Hospital
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
Costs and Benefits
- British Columbia Hospital Insurance Service
- British National Health Service
- Trans-Canada Medical Plans
- Physicians’ Services Inc.
- Ontario Hospital Services Commission
- Canada Sickness Survey
- Tuberculosis
History - CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE: CREATING THE MEDICAL CARE ACT, 1958–1968
- Introduction
- Saskatchewan Leads the Way
- Medical Opposition in 1960
- The Role of the Advisory Planning Committee
- Public or Private Coverage? Voluntary or Universal Coverage?
- Conflict and Compromise
- The 1962 Doctors’ Strike
- International Views on the Saskatchewan Doctors’ Strike
- The Canadian Media Comment
- Mediation through Shuttle Diplomacy
- Lessons from the Conflict
- The Royal Commission on Health Services
- Listening to the Public, Professionals and the Provinces
- The Personal Costs of Medical Services
- The Social Costs of High-Priced Health Services
- Drawing Conclusions and Making Recommendations
- Canada’s First Health Charter
- Creating Medicare: National Politics
- Provincial Reactions
- Autonomy in La Belle Province
- Opposition from Ontario
- The Federal Proposal
- The Medical Care Act, 1966
- The Next Stage of the Battle
- Conclusion
Key Players
- Emmett Hall
- Al Johnson
- Stanley Knowles
- Judy LaMarsh
- Allan J. MacEachen
- Lester B. Pearson
- Mitchell Sharp
Geography
- College of Physicians and Surgeons of Saskatchewan
- Ross Thatcher
- “Keep Our Doctors” Committees
- Woodrow Lloyd
- Lord Stephen Taylor
- Jean Lesage
- Castonguay–Nepveu Report
- First Nations’ Nurses
- Winnipeg General Hospital
Costs and Benefits
History - FROM COST CONTROL TO HEALTH PROMOTION: IMPLEMENTING MEDICARE, 1968–1978
- Introduction
- Implementing Medicare, 1968–1972
- Quebec and Medicare
- The National Task Forces on the Costs of Health Services, 1968–1969
- Money and Power: Redefining Federal–Provincial Health Care Roles
- Redefining the Federal Contribution
- New Options or Scare Tactics?
- From Shared-Cost to Block Funding: Solving the Financial Problem?
- From Cure to Prevention: Reorienting Canadian Health Care
- New Directions or Shifting Responsibility?
- Conclusion
Key Players
Geography
- October Crisis
- World Health Organization
- Centres locaux de services communautaires
- First Nations and Medicare
Costs and Benefits
- A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians
- Federal–Provincial Fiscal Arrangements and Established Programs Financing Act
- Declaration of Alma-Ata
- Community Health Centres
- Wage and Price Controls
- Ontario Medicare Identification Card
- Costly Medical Treatment
- King-Med Dialysis Machine
History - SAVING THE SYSTEM: THE CANADA HEALTH ACT, THE OTTAWA CHARTER AND ACHIEVING HEALTH FOR ALL, 1978–1988
- Introduction
- Origins of the Conflict
- Publicizing the Issue
- The Second Hall Commission, 1979–1980
- The Medical Profession’s Response
- The Public Reaction
- The Federal Context
- Building Public Support for Medicare
- Drafting and Passing the Canada Health Act
- Conflict and Conciliation
- The Ontario Doctors’ Strike, 1986
- Alberta and Extra-Billing
- Lessons Learned?
- The Conservative Agenda: Achieving Health for All
- New Problems, New Challenges
- The Public’s Perspective
- Conclusion
Key Players
Geography
Costs and Benefits
- Canada’s National–Provincial Health Program for the 1980’s
- Achieving Health for All: A Framework for Health Promotion
- Privatization
- HIV/AIDS
- Free Trade Agreement
- Canada Health Act
- Cost of Medicare in New Brunswick
History - THE ENDLESS CHALLENGE: BALANCING CHANGE AND CONTINUITY, 1989–2007
- Introduction
- The Mulroney Years, 1989–1993
- Analyzing the Options
- Changing Perspectives
- Health Care Activism
- The Liberals Return, 1993–1997
- Hard Choices: Liberal Economic Policy, 1994–1995
- From Constraint to Radical Restructuring: Ontario, 1993–2000
- Remembering the Past to Shape the Future
- The Politics of Confrontation
- Explosive Change in Klein’s Alberta, 1992–2000
- Conflict in La Belle Province, 1995–2000
- The Public and the Politics of Health
- Whither Medicare?
- Another Option?
- The Health Care Accords, 2003 and 2004
- External Threats: Terrorism and Infectious Disease
- The 2004 Accord
- Legal Challenge: A Harbinger of Change?
- Private or Public?: The CMA Asks the Question
- Medicare’s Advocates
- Conclusion
Key Players
- Lucien Bouchard
- Jean Chrétien
- Mike Harris
- Richard Hatfield
- Ralph Klein
- Paul Martin, Jr.
- Frank McKenna
- Allan Rock
- Anne McLellan
Geography
- Commission d’enquête sur les services de santé et les services sociaux (Rochon Commission)
- Rainbow Report — Our Vision for Health
- Royal Commission on Health Care
- Health Care Protection Act
- Regional Health Authorities
- Administration of Medicare, New Brunswick
- Labour Unrest, Quebec
- Canadian Federation of Nurses Unions
- Ontario Health Coalition
Costs and Benefits
- National Forum on Health
- Canada Health and Social Transfer
- Deficit Reduction
- Canadian Institute for Health Information
- Health Council of Canada
- Chaoulli v. Quebec (Attorney General)
- Romanow Report
- Kirby Report
- SARS
- Distribution of Health Spending
Educational Lab
For Students
- History of Medicare Exhibition
- Young Canada Future of Health Care Commission
- Medicare Timeline
- Life before Medicare: An Oral History Project
- The Creation of a Social Program
- Resource Room for Students and Teachers
For Teachers
- General Information
- Curriculum Links
- History of Medicare Exhibition
- Young Canada Future of Health Care Commission
- Medicare Timeline
- Life before Medicare: An Oral History Project
- The Creation of a Social Program
- Learning Activities
- Discussion Guide
Date Created: March 31, 2010 | Last Updated: April 21, 2010
